A Local Topology Reconfiguration Mechanism to Improve the Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Network

A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a self organizing wireless network system consists of number of energy limited sensor nodes. Since sensor nodes are battery powered devices, they have limited processing and transmission power and with limited communication ability. In order to transmit sensing data to receiver effectively, it is necessary to design an energy efficient routing protocol for WSNs. The nodes with greater signal strength will have more communication link and result in faster energy consumption as a whole network cannot always work under the same topology structure. A topology reconnecting mechanism of the cluster head rotation algorithm is needed. This paper presents an Enhanced Forward Aware Factor -Energy Balanced Routing Method (EFAF-EBRM) based on the selection of appropriate cluster head to improve the energy efficiency . In this technique the sensor node may prefer to select cluster head that makes the total energy consumption least.This proposed cluster formation strategy decreases the communication overhead and increses the packet delivery ratio.More over this technique over come the problem in the existing rouitng method FAF-EBRM when local topology reconfiguration is needed. In this method an optimal solution for cluster head selection is proposed .The sensor nodes in the proposed algorithm pick out their appropriate cluster heads rather than the nearest for the sake of energy efficiency The newly proposed cluster formation strategy reduces the delay even for the long distance link. Simulations results also prove that the proposed cluster formation strategy is better performance compared with FAF-EBRM and LEACH in terms of Energy balanced factor, Network lifetime, communication over head and delay.